Sunday, May 19, 2013

LORD LUGARD ON NIGERIA – A Realist or Illusionist? By Yemi Obideyi PART 1




He loves the display of power but fails to realize its responsibility. He will work hard with a less incentive than most races. He has the courage of the fighting animal, an instinct rather than a moral virtue.” - LORD LUGARD.       



  
Eighty- seven years ago, the comments in quote above were made by the first British (Colonial) Governor-General of Nigeria, Lord Lugard, in his analysis of Nigerians as a type of race in Africa.


In 1926, when Lugard made these statements, Nigerians had not been voted into any position of political relevance or appointed into portfolio of administrative significance.  The highest Nigerians had attained then was the role granted some kings or Emirs to serve as intermediaries between the people and the colonial administrators. Even then, the arrangement could not hold for too long as the British Government strengthened its hold and “conquered” the territories thereby relegating the Emirs and Kings.


The questions then arise: What did Lugard see in 1926 that gave him the impression that Nigerians love to display power but fail to appreciate its responsibility?



 



Beside the fact that Nigeria was not yet into politics as at that time, it makes sense to note that, twelve years after the merger of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914, Nigeria was still preponderantly administered separately along the lines of barrier created by distance and language. 

The multi-ethnic groups submerged under three major languages (Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa) were individually at different stages of civilization. How then did Lugard arrive at the conclusion that the same traits pin-pointed by him were inherent in all of the groups. Can we trust Lugard? Was he right or totally off the track?


Again, let us examine carefully the issues he raised. First, that Nigerians love to crave for power and show off with it but detest the real reason for the power (responsibility). 

Secondly, that Nigerians in particular and Africans in general can work extra hard with little or next to nothing incentive than any other race on earth. Thirdly, that Nigerians and Africans do have courage to tackle opponents or an enemy, but that this ability to face pain or handle danger is not borne out of moral strength, instead, a product of instinct typical of a fighting animal. Now, which of these viewpoints of Lugard is untrue? Let us begin the journey from the last point.


Are Nigerians courageous? Do Nigerians have what it takes to intimidate an opponent? Are Nigerians distinguished as a people without fear? Yes they are. In fact Nigerians are noted for boldness across the world. Boldness for what?  Boldness for crime and fearlessness in taking shortcuts.  On how to circumvent a system, Nigerians are “respected”. The neighbouring countries do pay special attention to Nigerians and anything from Nigeria. The other day a Nigerian so desperate to travel out of the country, wangled his way into the engine compartment of a commercial aircraft, and by the time the aircraft touched down in the United States, his body had been crushed beyond recognition.


Courage, being the grace to confront challenges without fear, could be derived from instinct or virtue. When it is of virtue, it is buoyed up by morality, ethics and social treasure like trust, nationhood and patriotism. This way, it gives room for harmony, consistency, sustainable coordination, and progression.


The courage fathomed of instinct, on the other hand, lacks savvy, longevity, sustainable sense of rationality and character. Usually, it is ferried in different direction by the wind. It is driven by the desire to survive for the moment. Instinctive courage has no staying power, no coordination and is bereft of wisdom for, it is all about what the personality involved can eat, gain or get.


Through the wisdom and ingenuity of Chief Obafemi Awolowo, then as the first Premier and leader of the defunct Western Nigeria government, acquired television transmission facilities in the 60s well ahead of some European countries. Over fifty years later, Nigeria has no television viewing set made on her soil; instead, the nation is still heavily dependent on other nations not only for the technology but also for TV viewing set and cables. Many of the countries Nigeria imports from now had access to TV facilities only after Nigeria.

The Liberty stadium in Ibadan, Oyo state capital, South West Nigeria, built under the leadership of Awolowo was the first of its kind in Africa. It was put up with high hope and great expectation about 50 years ago. Today, not only has sporting activities nosedived in Nigeria, her facilities have become shadows of themselves. To prepare for major sporting competition, Nigeria has become notorious for hiring sporting facilities of other nations. Year in year out, huge resources are spent on taking her sportsmen and women to other nations in preparation for tournaments. The immediate consequence of this is that her abundant talents and resources in sports and other areas of human endeavours are wasted, handicapped and underutilized.



Power supply in Nigeria as at now is less than 35 percent. A lot of manufacturing companies had closed down due to poor power supply and high cost of running factories on generating sets. In Nigeria, the parastatal responsible for power generation, transmission and distribution actively powers its own offices by generator. Not that alone, when these low capacity generators are due for servicing or repairs, contractors are invited to fix the problems.


(To be continued)

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